Thursday, January 29, 2026

Characteristics of Nutrient Transport in Runoff from Different Land-Use Types on Maozhou Island in the Li River Basin

 

Introduction

Nutrient transport through surface runoff is a key driver of water quality degradation in river basins worldwide. On Maozhou Island in the Li River Basin, rapid land-use changes—driven by agriculture, settlement expansion, and ecological restoration—have significantly altered runoff dynamics. Understanding how different land-use types influence nutrient transport is essential for managing non-point source pollution and protecting downstream aquatic ecosystems.

Study Area and Land-Use Context

Maozhou Island represents a mosaic of land-use types, including cropland, residential areas, forest land, grassland, and wetlands. Each land type exhibits distinct surface characteristics, vegetation cover, and soil structure, which directly affect runoff generation and nutrient mobilization during rainfall events.

Nutrient Transport Mechanisms

Runoff from agricultural land typically shows elevated concentrations of nitrogen (TN, NO₃⁻-N) and phosphorus (TP) due to fertilizer application and soil disturbance. In contrast, residential and impervious surfaces contribute nutrients rapidly through stormwater flow, often enriched by domestic waste and surface deposits. Forest and grassland areas generally act as nutrient sinks, reducing transport through canopy interception, enhanced infiltration, and root uptake.

Comparative Characteristics Across Land-Use Types

  • Cropland: Highest nutrient export loads, especially during intense rainfall and post-fertilization periods.

  • Residential areas: Lower nutrient concentrations than cropland but higher runoff coefficients, leading to significant episodic nutrient pulses.

  • Forest land: Lowest nutrient concentrations and runoff volumes, demonstrating strong buffering capacity.

  • Grassland and wetlands: Moderate nutrient retention, with wetlands playing a crucial role in nutrient transformation and sedimentation.

Seasonal and Rainfall Influences

Nutrient transport on Maozhou Island is highly seasonal, with peak exports occurring during the monsoon period. Short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events amplify nutrient flushing, particularly from croplands and built-up areas, highlighting the importance of storm-event-based monitoring.

Environmental Implications

Excessive nutrient inputs to the Li River Basin increase the risk of eutrophication, algal blooms, and biodiversity loss. Identifying land-use-specific nutrient transport characteristics provides a scientific basis for targeted pollution control strategies.

Management and Policy Recommendations

  • Promote precision fertilization and buffer strips in agricultural areas

  • Improve stormwater management systems in residential zones

  • Protect and expand forest and wetland areas as natural nutrient filters

  • Integrate land-use planning with watershed-scale nutrient management

Conclusion

The characteristics of nutrient transport in runoff on Maozhou Island vary significantly across land-use types. Agricultural and residential lands are the dominant contributors to nutrient loads, while forests and wetlands play a vital mitigating role. Land-use-specific management strategies are therefore essential to safeguard water quality and ensure the long-term ecological health of the Li River Basin.

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Characteristics of Nutrient Transport in Runoff from Different Land-Use Types on Maozhou Island in the Li River Basin

  Introduction Nutrient transport through surface runoff is a key driver of water quality degradation in river basins worldwide. On Maozhou...