Optimizing Parallel SiC MOSFETs: Current Balancing Using PCB Sensors

Introduction

Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs are transforming power electronics, offering higher efficiency, faster switching speeds, and lower losses compared to traditional silicon devices. However, in high-power applications, multiple SiC MOSFETs are often connected in parallel to handle greater current loads.

A major challenge? Current imbalance.

When MOSFETs operate in parallel, even slight variations in device characteristics can lead to unequal current sharing, causing:
⚡ Overheating of certain devices
⚡ Reduced efficiency
⚡ Early device failure

To tackle this, researchers are now using PCB-based current sensors with peak detection techniques to actively monitor and balance current flow in parallel SiC MOSFETs.

                                                                           


Why Do Parallel SiC MOSFETs Need Current Balancing?

In theory, parallel-connected MOSFETs should evenly share current, but in reality, factors like:
🔹 Threshold voltage mismatch
🔹 Variations in internal resistance (Rds(on))
🔹 Differences in gate drive signals
🔹 Parasitic inductance in PCB layout

…can cause one MOSFET to carry more current than others, leading to overloading and failure.

Peak Detection Using PCB Sensors: A Smart Solution

Instead of using bulky, expensive current sensors, PCB-based sensors provide a compact, cost-effective way to monitor current in real time.

📌 How It Works:
1️⃣ Embedded PCB traces act as current sensors, detecting voltage drops caused by flowing current.
2️⃣ A peak detection circuit captures transient current peaks during switching events.
3️⃣ This data is used to adjust gate drive signals or modify circuit design to ensure balanced current distribution.

Advantages of Using PCB Sensors for Current Balancing

✅ Compact & Low-Cost – Eliminates the need for expensive Hall-effect sensors or shunt resistors.
✅ High-Speed Response – Captures fast switching transients in SiC MOSFETs.
✅ Real-Time Monitoring – Enables adaptive gate control for active current balancing.
✅ Enhanced Reliability – Prevents overheating and extends device lifespan.

Applications in Power Electronics

🔹 EV Powertrains – Ensures balanced current flow in high-power inverters.
🔹 Renewable Energy – Improves efficiency in solar and wind power converters.
🔹 Industrial Drives – Enhances performance in motor control systems.

Conclusion

Using PCB-based current sensors with peak detection offers a game-changing approach to balancing current in parallel SiC MOSFETs. By ensuring equal current sharing, this technique helps maximize efficiency, reliability, and longevity in high-power applications.

As SiC technology continues to evolve, smart current monitoring solutions like this will be key to unlocking its full potential.

30th Edition of International Research Conference on Science Health and Engineering | 28-29 March 2025 | San Francisco, United States

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