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Estimating Recharge Areas for the Los Humeros Geothermal Field: Insights into the Conceptual Model

 Introduction

The Los Humeros Geothermal Field (LHGF) in Puebla, Mexico, is one of the country's most important geothermal energy sources. Understanding how water recharges this system is crucial for maintaining its long-term sustainability. Recharge occurs primarily through two main pathways: block recharge and mountain front recharge. In this blog post, we explore how these recharge mechanisms contribute to the geothermal system and how they refine our conceptual model of the field.

                                                           


Understanding Recharge in Geothermal Systems

Recharge in geothermal fields refers to the process where water from precipitation or nearby sources infiltrates the underground system, replenishing the geothermal reservoir. The two key recharge mechanisms for LHGF are:

  1. Block Recharge – Water percolates through faults, fractures, and porous rocks, reaching deep geothermal reservoirs. This process is influenced by geological structures that allow for vertical and lateral water movement.
  2. Mountain Front Recharge – Water enters the geothermal system from elevated areas (e.g., surrounding mountains), driven by gravity and hydrostatic pressure. This type of recharge is essential for maintaining the pressure and temperature balance in geothermal reservoirs.

Recharge Area Estimation for Los Humeros

Estimating the recharge areas involves multiple techniques, including:

  • Hydrological and Geochemical Analysis: Identifying the origin of water using isotopic composition and chemical tracers.
  • Geophysical Surveys: Using electrical resistivity and seismic methods to map underground water movement.
  • Numerical Modeling: Simulating groundwater flow and heat transport to predict recharge contributions.

Recent studies have suggested that a significant portion of recharge in Los Humeros originates from mountain fronts, particularly from the higher elevations surrounding the caldera. However, block recharge is also substantial due to the presence of extensive fault systems that enhance vertical infiltration.

Implications for Geothermal Resource Management

A refined understanding of recharge mechanisms allows for better geothermal field management by:

  • Optimizing Drilling Locations: Identifying zones with sustained recharge ensures long-term steam and hot water availability.
  • Sustainable Water Use: Preventing excessive extraction that could lead to reservoir depletion.
  • Enhanced Energy Production: Balancing recharge and extraction rates to maximize geothermal efficiency.

Conclusion

Estimating recharge areas through block and mountain front pathways is critical for advancing the conceptual model of the Los Humeros Geothermal Field. By integrating geochemical, geophysical, and modeling techniques, researchers can better understand how water sustains this geothermal system, ultimately contributing to more efficient and sustainable energy production.

30th Edition of International Research Conference on Science Health and Engineering | 28-29 March 2025 | San Francisco, United States

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