Interplay Between Residential Nature Exposure and Walkability and Their Association with Cardiovascular Health

 

Interplay Between Residential Nature Exposure and Walkability: A Path to Better Cardiovascular Health

Our modern urban environments are reshaping the way we live, move, and connect with nature. But did you know that where you live—and the accessibility of green spaces—could significantly influence your heart health? Recent research reveals how residential nature exposure, coupled with walkable neighborhoods, plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular (CV) health.

The Link Between Green Spaces and Heart Health

Green spaces have long been associated with numerous physical and mental health benefits. Studies show that access to natural environments can reduce stress, promote physical activity, and improve overall well-being. More importantly, green spaces may act as a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis.

But what exactly makes green spaces so beneficial? It’s not just the presence of trees and parks. The quality and accessibility of these spaces matter. That’s where the concept of the NatureScore comes in.

Understanding NatureScore

NatureScore is a composite measure that quantifies the natural environment exposure and quality of green spaces surrounding residential areas. Based on a scale from 0 to 100, NatureScore evaluates the proximity, size, and quality of green spaces within a given neighborhood. In this study, NatureScores were categorized as follows:

  • Nature deficient/light: 0-39

  • Nature adequate: 40-59

  • Nature rich: 60-79

  • Nature utopia: 80-100

The research found that individuals living in areas with higher NatureScores had significantly lower prevalence rates of CV risk factors. This effect persisted even after adjusting for neighborhood walkability.

Walkability: The Missing Piece of the Puzzle

While green spaces provide essential health benefits, they’re most effective when paired with walkable environments. Walkability refers to how friendly a neighborhood is for walking, including features like sidewalks, street connectivity, and proximity to amenities.

The study revealed a compelling interaction between NatureScore and walkability. In neighborhoods with high green space (NatureScore ≥60) and high walkability (≥40), residents experienced:

  • Lower prevalence of CV risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

  • Increased likelihood of an optimal cardiovascular risk profile, characterized by healthier blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight.

What the Research Says

This cross-sectional study included over one million adult patients from the Houston Methodist Learning Health System Outpatient Registry (2016-2022). Key findings include:

  • Green spaces matter: Patients living in the highest NatureScore neighborhoods had a lower prevalence of CV risk factors (Odds Ratio: 0.91) and ASCVD (Odds Ratio: 0.96) compared to those in the lowest NatureScore areas.

  • Walkability amplifies benefits: Those residing in neighborhoods with both high NatureScore and walkability were 9% more likely to maintain an optimal cardiovascular risk profile.

  • Demographic insights: Among the participants (mean age 52 years, 59% female), the median NatureScore was 69.4, with notable variations across ethnic groups.

Practical Implications for Urban Design

The findings underscore the need for urban planners, policymakers, and public health advocates to consider both green spaces and walkability in city design. Here are some actionable takeaways:

  1. Invest in Green Spaces: Prioritize the creation and maintenance of high-quality parks, trails, and natural reserves, particularly in urban and underserved areas.

  2. Enhance Walkability: Design neighborhoods with pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, such as safe sidewalks, bike lanes, and accessible transit options.

  3. Equitable Access: Ensure that all communities, regardless of socioeconomic status, have access to green spaces and walkable environments.

  4. Promote Active Lifestyles: Encourage outdoor activities such as walking, jogging, or cycling, which leverage the health benefits of both nature and physical movement.

Conclusion: A Green and Walkable Future

This study paints a clear picture: the combination of residential nature exposure and walkable environments is a powerful tool for preventing cardiovascular diseases. As urbanization continues to rise, integrating these elements into city planning is not just a luxury but a necessity for promoting public health.

For individuals, choosing to live in neighborhoods rich in green spaces and walkability can be a proactive step toward better heart health. For communities, fostering these environments can lead to healthier, happier, and more sustainable living.

The heart of the matter is simple: green, walkable spaces make for healthier hearts.

28th Edition of International Research Awards on Science, Health and Engineering | 27-28 January 2025|Amsterdam, Netherlands

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